Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues

Objective Checklist

Cells

* Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter and list several trace elements.
* Define cell, organelle, and inclusion.
* Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane).
* List the structures of the nucleus and explain the function of chromatin and nucleoli.
* Identify the organelles on a cell model or describe them, and discuss the major function of each.
* Define selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, bulk-phase endocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
* Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, and explain how the various transport processes account for the directional movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
* Describe briefly the process of DNA replication and of mitosis. Explain the importance of mitotic cell division.
* In relation to protein synthesis, describe the roles of DNA and of the three varieties of RNA.
* Name some cell types and relate their overall shape and internal structure to their special functions.

Body Tissues

* Name the four major tissue types and their chief subcategories. Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally.
* Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
* Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing).

Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues

* Define neoplasm, and distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
* Explain the significance of the fact that some tissue types (muscle and nerve) are largely amitotic after the growth stages are over.

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